Also known as D-mannitol, mannitol is an alcoholic sugar (polyol) found naturally in some algae, fungi, and higher plants. It is derived from fructose through a process of hydrogenation, and because of its tolerability and versatility, it is widely used in pharmaceuticals and nutraceuticals, including in pediatrics. In this article, we elaborate on its properties, therapeutic purposes, and possible contraindications.
What is mannitol, and what is it used for?
Mannitol, chemically classified as a polyol, is an alcohol sugar similar to sorbitol but with a different spatial arrangement of molecules. It is used in pharmaceuticals:
- As an active ingredient, it possesses diuretic and osmotic properties, making it helpful in treating acute conditions such as cerebral edema or occasional constipation.
- As an excipient, it is used in the formulation of chewable or orodispersible tablets due to its stability, sweetness, and ability to improve the palatability of the medicine.
- Mannitol also finds use in the nutraceutical sector. In particular, it is often combined with cranberry within supplements designed to promote urinary tract health, aiding in the prevention and management of urinary tract infections (UTIs).
How does mannitol act?
When taken orally in adequate amounts, mannitol draws water back into the intestinal lumen through an osmotic mechanism, increasing fecal volume by stimulating intestinal motility. Intravenously, it exerts a similar action at the renal level, promoting diuresis and reducing tissue pressure.
Common uses, including those for children
Mannitol is widely used in clinical and hospital practice. In particular:
- As a laxative: indicated for occasional treatment of constipation or bowel preparation before endoscopic investigations.
- As an osmotic diuretic, it is used in acute conditions requiring rapid action (head trauma, cerebral edema, acute renal failure).
- In pediatric settings, it is used due to its gentle action and good tolerability. It is also generally well accepted because of its neutral taste and low incidence of side effects.
Some contraindications
Despite good general tolerability, the use of mannitol is contraindicated in certain clinical conditions, such as in decompensated heart failure, anuria (absence of urine production), pulmonary edema, and known hypersensitivity to the substance. Side effects vary depending on the route of administration, and it is essential to take mannitol for therapeutic purposes, usually following expert consultation.
The distribution of mannitol
Due to its dual function as excipient and active ingredient, mannitol is a key ingredient in many pharmaceutical and nutraceutical formulations. At Flarer, we ensure its distribution with high standards of quality, traceability, and safety, in line with European and international regulations.
If you would like more information or a direct technical discussion, please contact our consultants: we will be happy to help you develop tailor-made solutions.